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定义:主语是一个句子所叙述的对象和主体,通常叙述的是“谁”或“什么”。
主语的位置:一般位于句首,但在结构、疑问词(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后。
名词作主语
当名词作主语时,要注意它的单复数形式与谓语保持一致,一般有(语法上一致、意义上一致和就近原则)
一 由what引导的主语从句,谓语用单数!
eg:what the teacher said is of great importance. 老师所说的很重要.
但如果表语是复数或what从句带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词要用复数形式(who.which,any,all也有相同的用法)。
eg:what i saw was(were) two books. 我看到的是这两本书.
二(1) 并列主语如果指的是同一个人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语用单数
eg:The bow and arrow was once man's weapon against animals. 弓箭曾经是人类抵御动物的工具.
二(2) 若and连接的并列单数的前面分别有each,every,no或名词前有many a 修饰时,谓语动词用单数!
eg:Many a ship has been wrecked on these rocks. 许多船只都曾经在这里触礁失事.
二(3) 主语是单数时,尽管后面有as well as, together with, but, except,like,including, in addition to等连接的修饰语,谓语动词仍用单数
eg: Nobody but Tom and Xiao LI was there. 除了汤姆和小明以外谁也不在那儿.
He,like you,is very clever. 他跟你一样很聪明.
二(4) 倒装句中谓语动词应和后面的主语单复数一致
①一些只有复数形式的名词-clothes,scissors, trousers,shorts, glasses等谓语动词用复数
eg:My trousers are being washed. 我的裤子正在洗.
②a lot of(lots of,plenty of,a heap of)+名词,及分数或百分数名词,谓语动词的单复数由后面的名词的数决定!eg:Lots of damage was caused by the fire. 大火造成了很大的损失.
③关系动词who, that. which在定语从句中作主语时,动词与先行词一致!
eg:Those who want to visit the Great Wall get on the bus,please. 想去参观长城的请上车.
三 意义上一致
(1)表时间,距离,价格,度量衡时,往往当作一个整体,谓语动词用单数!
eg:Five yuan is enough. 5元已经足够.
(2)加减乘除动词单复数均可!
eg:Two plus five is seven. 2+5等于7.
(3)Mathematice,Physics,politics,news等词作谓语时,后面的所谓语用单数,但mean作"手段","方法"讲作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由意思而定!
eg;Every means has been tried to improve teaching and learning.
所有改进教学的方法都已经尝试过了.
四 定冠词+adj.表示一类人/事时,谓语动词一般用复数.
The English speak English. 英国人说英语.
The sick have been cyred and the lost have been found. 有病的人已经治愈,失踪的人已经找到了.
五 就近原则
由or,either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also等连接并列主语,谓语动词与其靠近他的主语单复数一致
eg:Either you or i am able to do it. 无论你还是我都能做.
Neither you nor he is right. 无论你还是他都不对. |
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